【实验内容】
用MATLAB的GUI程序设计一个具备图像边缘检测功能的用户界面，该设计程序有以下基本功能：
（1）图像的读取和保存。
（2）设计图形用户界面，让用户对图像进行彩色图像到灰度图像的转换，并显示原图和灰度图像。
（3）设计图形用户界面，让用户能够根据需要来选择边缘检测算子，即选择边缘检测的方法。
（4）设计图形用户界面，让用户能够自行设定检测的阈值和方向。
（5）显示边缘检测后的图像，并与原图和灰度图像进行对比。
【实验步骤】
1、建立菜单，选项包括“文件”（打开、保存、退出）、“检测方法”（sobel、prewitt、roberts、canny）和“帮助”。
建立3个坐标轴对象，用于显示原始图像、灰度图像和边缘检测后的图像。
建立1个按钮，用于将原始图像转换为灰度图像。
建立1个文本编辑框，用于输入数据。
建立菜单，选项包括“文件”（打开、保存、退出）、“检测方法”（sobel、prewitt、roberts、canny）和“帮助”。
五个静态文本框的string属性分别为“原图”、“灰度图像”、“检测图像”、“设定阈值”和“检测方向”。
三个坐标轴的Tag标识分别为original_image、gray_image、test_image。
按钮控件的string属性为“灰度转换”，Tag标识为rgbtogray。
文本编辑框的Tag标识为thresh_value。
列表框的string属性为horizontal、vertical、both，Tag标识为direction。
编写代码完成程序中的变量赋值、输入、输出等工作，打开对应文件，在对应函数位置添加如下程序，其他代码不变。
function varargout = m240531(varargin)% M240531 MATLAB code for m240531.fig% M240531, by itself, creates a new M240531 or raises the existing% singleton*.%% H = M240531 returns the handle to a new M240531 or the handle to% the existing singleton*.%% M240531('CALLBACK',hObject,eventData,handles,...) calls the local% function named CALLBACK in M240531.M with the given input arguments.%% M240531('Property','Value',...) creates a new M240531 or raises the% existing singleton*. Starting from the left, property value pairs are% applied to the GUI before m240531_OpeningFcn gets called. An% unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application% stop. All inputs are passed to m240531_OpeningFcn via varargin.%% *See GUI Options on GUIDE's Tools menu. Choose "GUI allows only one% instance to run (singleton)".%% See also: GUIDE, GUIDATA, GUIHANDLES% Edit the above text to modify the response to help m240531% Last Modified by GUIDE v2.5 31-May-2024 11:43:02% Begin initialization code - DO NOT EDITgui_Singleton = 1;gui_State = struct('gui_Name', mfilename, ... 'gui_Singleton', gui_Singleton, ... 'gui_OpeningFcn', @m240531_OpeningFcn, ... 'gui_OutputFcn', @m240531_OutputFcn, ... 'gui_LayoutFcn', [] , ... 'gui_Callback', []);if nargin && ischar(varargin{1}) gui_State.gui_Callback = str2func(varargin{1});endif nargout [varargout{1:nargout}] = gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});else gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});end% End initialization code - DO NOT EDIT% --- Executes just before m240531 is made visible.function m240531_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin)% This function has no output args, see OutputFcn.% hObject handle to figure% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)% varargin command line arguments to m240531 (see VARARGIN)% Choose default command line output for m240531handles.output = hObject;% Update handles structureguidata(hObject, handles);% UIWAIT makes m240531 wait for user response (see UIRESUME)% uiwait(handles.figure1);% --- Outputs from this function are returned to the command line.function varargout = m240531_OutputFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles) % varargout cell array for returning output args (see VARARGOUT);% hObject handle to figure% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)% Get default command line output from handles structurevarargout{1} = handles.output;% --- Executes on button press in rgbtogray.function rgbtogray_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to rgbtogray (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)gray=rgb2gray(handles.img)set(handles.gray_image, 'HandleVisibility', 'ON');axes(handles.gray_image)imshow(gray);handles.img=gray;guidata(hObject,handles);function thresh_value_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to thresh_value (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)% Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of thresh_value as text% str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of thresh_value as a double% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.function thresh_value_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to thresh_value (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.% See ISPC and COMPUTER.if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor')) set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');end% --- Executes on selection change in direction.function direction_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to direction (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)% Hints: contents = cellstr(get(hObject,'String')) returns direction contents as cell array% contents{get(hObject,'Value')} returns selected item from direction% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.function direction_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to direction (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called% Hint: popupmenu controls usually have a white background on Windows.% See ISPC and COMPUTER.if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor')) set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');end% --------------------------------------------------------------------function Untitled_1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to Untitled_1 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)% --------------------------------------------------------------------function Untitled_2_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to Untitled_2 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)% --------------------------------------------------------------------function Untitled_3_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to Untitled_3 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)% --------------------------------------------------------------------function Sobel_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to Sobel (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)v1=str2double(get(handles.thresh_value, 'string' ));contents=get(handles.direction,'string');v2=contents{(get(handles.direction,'value'))};edge_sobel=edge(handles.img,'sobel',v1,v2);set(handles.test_image, 'HandleVisibility','ON');axes(handles.test_image);imshow(edge_sobel)handles.img=edge_sobel;guidata(hObject,handles);% --------------------------------------------------------------------function Prewitt_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to Prewitt (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)v1=str2double(get(handles.thresh_value,'string'))contents=get(handles.direction, 'string');v2=contents{(get(handles.direction,'value' ))};edge_prewitt=edge(handles.img, 'prewitt' ,v1,v2);set(handles.test_image, 'HandleVisibility','ON');axes(handles.test_image);imshow(edge_prewitt)handles.img=edge_prewitt;guidata(hObject,handles);% --------------------------------------------------------------------function Roberts_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to Roberts (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)v1=str2double(get(handles.thresh_value,'string'))contents=get(handles.direction, 'string');v2=contents{(get(handles.direction,'value'))};edge_roberts=edge(handles.img, 'roberts' ,v1,v2);set(handles.test_image, 'HandleVisibility','ON');axes(handles.test_image);imshow(edge_roberts)handles.img=edge_roberts;guidata(hObject,handles);% --------------------------------------------------------------------function Canny_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to Canny (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)v1=str2double(get(handles.thresh_value, 'string'));contents=get(handles.direction,'string');v2=contents{(get(handles.direction,'value'))};edge_canny=edge(handles.img,'canny',v1, v2);set(handles.test_image, 'HandleVisibility','ON');axes(handles.test_image);imshow(edge_canny);handles.img=edge_canny;guidata(hObject,handles);% --------------------------------------------------------------------function open_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to open (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)[filename,pathname] = uigetfile({'*.jpg';'*.bmp';'*.tif';'*.*'},'载入图像');if isequal(filename,0) || isequal(pathname,0) errordlg('没有选中文件','出错'); return;else file=[pathname,filename]; global S S=file; x=imread(file); set(handles.original_image,'HandleVisibility','ON'); axes(handles.original_image); imshow(x); handles.img=x; guidata(hObject,handles);end% --------------------------------------------------------------------function save_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to save (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)[sfilename,sfilepath]=uiputfile({'*.jpg';'*.bmp';'*.tif';'*.*'}, ... '保存图像文件','untitled.jpg');if ~isequal([sfilename,sfilepath],[0,0]) sfileullname = [sfilepath,sfilename]; imwrite(handles.img, sfilefullname);else msgbox('你按了取消键','保存失败');end% --------------------------------------------------------------------function exit_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to exit (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
