C++实现：学生管理系统（详细解析）

目录

1.题目要求

2.需求分析

3.整体设计

4.详细设计

主函数设计

 学科科目类

主菜单

读取文件与写入文件

 效果如下

 添加学生信息

删除学生信息

​编辑

修改学生信息

显示信息列表

显示学生列表

将学生列表按学号升序排列

将学生列表按平均分降序排列，平均分相同的再按学号升序排列

统计学生数据

清空系统数据

5.总结

---

1.题目要求

学生成绩管理系统

（1）增加记录：要求可以连续增加多条记录。
（2）查找：可以根据姓名（或学号）查找某个学生的课程成绩，查找某门课程成绩处于指定分数段内的学生名单等等。可以实现模糊查询，即输入名字的一部
分，可以列出满足条件的所有记录。再从这个记录中进行二次选择。
（3）删除一个学生的记录：要求可以先查找，再删除。删除前，要求用户确认。
（4）成绩修改：若输入错误可进行修改；要求可以先查找，再修改。
（5）统计分析：对某个班级学生的单科成绩进行统计，求出平均成绩；求平均成绩要求实现函数的重载，既能求单科的平均成绩，又能求三科总分的平均成绩。
求出一门课程标准差和合格率；
（6）排序功能：要求按总分进行排序（从高到低），若总分相同，则按数学排序；
若总分和数学相同，则按物理排序；若总分和各科成绩都相同，则按学号排
序；
（7）文件操作：可以打开文件，显示班级的所有学生信息；可以将增加或修改后的成绩重新写入文件；可以将排序好的信息写入新的文件；

2.需求分析

基本思路

设计一个学生的类。类的设计测试数据的记录和将要实现的功能。学生成绩

管理系统有若干学生成绩记录组成，学生一条记录包括：学号、姓名、数学

成绩、物理成绩和英语成绩。主函数显示功能菜单，供用户选择操作。每步操

作之前，都要显示菜单。在主函数中调用类的方法

编译环境
在DEV-C++上运行通过

3.整体设计

【1】录入学生信息
【2】显示学生信息
【3】修改学生信息
【4】查找学生信息
【5】删除学生信息
【6】学生信息文件
【7】成绩排序功能
【8】存入新文件
【9】统计分析成绩

4.详细设计

主函数设计

int main(){StudentList stuList;stuList.init(); //读入文件数据初始化stuList.menu(); //打开主菜单return 0;}

效果如下

 学科科目类

class Subject{public:string proName;  //学科名double proScore; //分数void showCpInfo(){cout << left << setw(45) << proName;cout << left << setw(6) <<  proScore << endl;}//输出属性名，只显示总积分static void showHeader(){cout << left << setw(45) << "科目";cout << left << setw(6) <<  "分数" <<endl;}};

 效果如下

主菜单

void menu(){string sel = "0";system("cls");cout << "\t\t\t**********欢迎来到学生成绩管理系统**********" << endl;cout << "\t\t\t你可以进行以下操作:" << endl;cout << "\t\t\t|------------------------------------------|" << endl;cout << "\t\t\t|             1   添加学生信息             |" << endl;cout << "\t\t\t|------------------------------------------|" << endl;cout << "\t\t\t|             2   删除学生信息             |" << endl;cout << "\t\t\t|------------------------------------------|" << endl;cout << "\t\t\t|             3   修改学生信息             |" << endl;cout << "\t\t\t|------------------------------------------|" << endl;cout << "\t\t\t|             4   查询学生信息             |" << endl;cout << "\t\t\t|------------------------------------------|" << endl;cout << "\t\t\t|             5   显示信息列表             |" << endl;cout << "\t\t\t|------------------------------------------|" << endl;cout << "\t\t\t|             6   统计学生数据             |" << endl;cout << "\t\t\t|------------------------------------------|" << endl;cout << "\t\t\t|             7   清空系统数据             |" << endl;cout << "\t\t\t|------------------------------------------|" << endl;cout << "\t\t\t|             0   退出                     |" << endl;cout << "\t\t\t|------------------------------------------|" << endl;cout << "\t\t\t请选择【0-7】：";cin >> sel;while(sel != "0" && sel != "1" && sel != "2" && sel != "3" && sel != "4" && sel != "5" && sel != "6" && sel != "7"){cout << "\t\t\t输入不合法,请重新选择【0-7】：";cin >> sel;}if(sel == "1"){this->insertList();this->menu();}else if(sel == "2"){this->deleteList();this->menu();}else if(sel == "3"){this->updateList();this->menu();}else if(sel == "4"){this->selectList();this->menu();}else if(sel == "5"){this->displayList();this->menu();}else if(sel == "6"){this->statisticList();this->menu();}else if(sel == "7"){this->clearList();this->menu();}else if(sel == "0"){exit(0);}}

 效果如下

读取文件与写入文件

void readFile(){ifstream ifs;ifs.open("stuList.txt", ios::in);int n = 0; //用来接收学生数量的值ifs >> n;for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){Student s;ifs >> s.stuNum >> s.stuName >> s.gender >> s.gradeNum >> s.department >> s.classNum >> s.cpNum >> s.score;for(int j = 0; j < s.cpNum; j++){Subject cp;ifs >> cp.proName >> cp.proScore;s.cps.push_back(cp);}stuList.push_back(s);}ifs.close();}//写入文件void writeFile(){ofstream ofs;ofs.open("stuList.txt", ios::out);ofs << stuList.size() << endl; //先写入学生数量for (int i = 0; i < stuList.size(); i++){ofs << stuList[i].stuNum << " " <<  stuList[i].stuName << " " << stuList[i].gender    << " " << stuList[i].gradeNum << " " << stuList[i].department << " " << stuList[i].classNum    << " " << stuList[i].cpNum << " " << stuList[i].score << endl;for(int j = 0; j < stuList[i].cps.size(); j++){ofs << stuList[i].cps[j].proName << " " << stuList[i].cps[j].proScore << endl;}}ofs.close();}

 效果如下

   

 添加学生信息

void insertList(){while(true){system("cls");cout << "\t\t**********************欢迎来到添加学生信息功能*************************" << endl;cout<< "\t\t学生基本信息一览表："<<endl;displayStu();cout<<endl;cout << "\t\t------------------" << endl;cout << "\t\t1 添加学生信息" << endl;cout << "\t\t2 返回主菜单" << endl;cout << "\t\t------------------" << endl;cout << "\t\t请选择【1-2】：";string sel;cin >> sel;while(sel != "1" && sel != "2"){cout << "\t\t输入不合法,请重新输入【1-2】：";cin >> sel;}if(sel == "1"){string flag = "1";while (flag == "1"){cout << "\t\t输入学生信息："<<endl;cout << "\t\t学号：";Student s;bool check = false;do{check = false;cin >> s.stuNum;for(int i = 0; i < stuList.size(); ++i){if(s.stuNum == stuList[i].stuNum){cout<<"\t\t该学号已存在，请重新输入：";check = true;break;}}}while(check);cout << "\t\t姓名：";cin >> s.stuName;cout << "\t\t性别：";cin >> s.gender;cout << "\t\t年级：";cin >> s.gradeNum;cout<<"\t\t专业：";cin >> s.department;cout<<"\t\t班级：";cin >> s.classNum;s.score = 0;string option = "1";cout<<"\t\t是否添加成绩信息？（1 是 0 否）"<<endl;cout << "\t\t请进行选择【0-1】：";cin >> option;while(option != "0" && option != "1"){cout << "\t\t输入不合法,请重新选择【0-1】：";cin >> option;}if(option == "1"){int cnt = 0;while(option == "1"){cnt++;Subject cp;cout<<"\t\t第"<<cnt<<"科科目名称：";cin>>cp.proName;cout<<"\t\t第"<<cnt<<"科科目成绩：";cin>>cp.proScore;s.cps.push_back(cp);cout << "\t\t该科成绩信息添加成功！是否继续添加？（1 是 0 否）" << endl;cout << "\t\t请进行选择【0-1】：";cin >> option;while(option != "0" && option != "1"){cout << "\t\t输入不合法,请重新选择【0-1】：";cin >> option;}}}for(int i = 0; i < s.cps.size(); i++){s.score += s.cps[i].proScore;}if(s.cps.size() > 0) s.score /= s.cps.size(); //计算平均分s.cpNum = s.cps.size();stuList.push_back(s);writeFile();cout << "\n\t\t该名学生信息添加成功！是否继续添加？（1 是 0 否）" << endl;cout << "\t\t请进行选择【0-1】：";cin >> flag;while(flag != "0" && flag != "1"){cout << "\t\t输入不合法,请重新选择【0-1】：";cin >> flag;}}cout << "\t\t";system("pause");}else{break;}}}

效果如下

删除学生信息

void deleteList(){while (true){system("cls");cout << "\t\t***********************欢迎来到删除学生信息功能***********************" << endl;string sel = "0";cout << "\t\t-----------------" << endl;cout << "\t\t1 按学号删除" << endl;cout << "\t\t2 按姓名删除" << endl;cout << "\t\t3 返回主菜单" << endl;cout << "\t\t-----------------" << endl;cout << "\t\t请进行选择【1-3】：";cin >> sel;while(sel != "1" && sel != "2" && sel != "3"){cout << "\t\t输入不合法,请重新选择【1-3】：";cin >> sel;}if (sel == "1"){string keyNum;bool flag = false;cout << "\t\t请输入待删除学生的学号：";cin >> keyNum;for (vector<Student>::iterator it = stuList.begin(); it != stuList.end(); ++it){if (it->stuNum == keyNum){flag = true;cout << "\t\t待删除学生的信息如下：" << endl;cout << "\t\t-----------------------------------------------------------------------" << endl;cout<<"\t\t";Student::showHeader();cout << "\t\t-----------------------------------------------------------------------" << endl;cout<<"\t\t";it->showStuInfo();cout << "\t\t-----------------------------------------------------------------------" << endl;cout << "\t\t确认删除？（1 是 0 否）" << endl;cout << "\t\t请进行选择【0-1】：";string ch = "0";cin >> ch;while(ch != "0" && ch != "1"){cout << "\t\t输入不合法,请重新选择【0-1】：";cin >> ch;}if (ch == "0") break;else{stuList.erase(it);writeFile();cout << "\t\t删除成功！" << endl;break;}}}if (!flag) cout << "\t\t查无此人，无法删除！\n" << endl;cout << "\t\t";system("pause");}else if (sel == "2"){string keyName;bool flag = false;cout << "\t\t请输入待删除学生的姓名：";cin >> keyName;for (vector<Student>::iterator it = stuList.begin(); it != stuList.end(); ++it){if (it->stuName == keyName){flag = true;cout << "\t\t待删除学生的信息如下：" << endl;cout << "\t\t-----------------------------------------------------------------------" << endl;cout<<"\t\t\t";Student::showHeader();cout << "\t\t-----------------------------------------------------------------------" << endl;cout<<"\t\t";it->showStuInfo();cout << "\t\t-----------------------------------------------------------------------" << endl;cout << "\t\t确认删除？（1 是 0 否）" << endl;cout << "\t\t请进行选择【0-1】：";string ch = "0";cin >> ch;while(ch != "0" && ch != "1"){cout << "\t\t输入不合法,请重新选择【0-1】：";cin >> ch;}if (ch == "0") break;else{stuList.erase(it);writeFile();cout << "\t\t删除成功！" << endl;break;}}}if (!flag) cout << "\t\t查无此人，无法删除！\n" << endl;cout << "\t\t";system("pause");}else{break;}}}

效果如下

修改学生信息

void updateList(){while(true){system("cls");cout << "\t\t***********************欢迎来到修改学生信息功能***********************" << endl;string sel = "0";cout << "\t\t-----------------" << endl;cout << "\t\t1 修改学生基本信息" << endl;cout << "\t\t2 修改学生成绩信息" << endl;cout << "\t\t3 返回主菜单" << endl;cout << "\t\t-----------------" << endl;cout << "\t\t请进行选择【1-3】：";cin >> sel;while(sel != "1" && sel != "2" && sel != "3"){cout << "\t\t输入不合法,请重新选择【1-3】：";cin >> sel;}if(sel == "1"){bool flag = false;string keyNum;cout << "\t\t请输入待修改学生的学号：";cin >> keyNum;for (int i = 0; i < stuList.size(); i++){if (stuList[i].stuNum == keyNum){flag = true;cout << "\t\t待修改学生基本信息如下：" << endl;cout << "\t\t-----------------------------------------------------------------------" << endl;cout<<"\t\t";Student::showHeader();cout << "\t\t-----------------------------------------------------------------------" << endl;cout<<"\t\t";stuList[i].showStuInfo();cout << "\t\t-----------------------------------------------------------------------" << endl;Student s = stuList[i];cout << "\t\t请输入修改后的学号：";bool check = false;do{check = false;cin >> s.stuNum;for(int j = 0; j < stuList.size(); ++j){if(s.stuNum == stuList[j].stuNum && i != j){cout<<"\t\t该学号已被录入，请重新输入学号：";check = true;break;}}}while(check);cout << "\t\t请输入修改后的姓名：";cin >> s.stuName;cout << "\t\t请输入修改后的性别：";cin >> s.gender;cout << "\t\t请输入修改后的年级：";cin >> s.gradeNum;cout<<"\t\t请输入修改后的专业：";cin >> s.department;cout<<"\t\t请输入修改后的班级：";cin >> s.classNum;cout << "\t\t是否确认修改？（1 是 0 否）" << endl;cout << "\t\t请进行选择【0-1】：";string ch = "0";cin >> ch;while(ch != "0" && ch != "1"){cout << "\t\t输入不合法,请重新选择【0-1】：";cin >> ch;}if (ch == "0") break;else{stuList[i] = s;cout << "\t\t修改成功！" << endl;writeFile();break;}}}if (!flag) cout << "\t\t查无此人，无法修改！\n" << endl;}else if(sel == "2"){bool flag = false;string keyNum;cout << "\t\t请输入待修改学生的学号：";cin >> keyNum;for (int i = 0; i < stuList.size(); i++){if (stuList[i].stuNum == keyNum){flag = true;cout << "\t\t待修改学生成绩信息如下：" << endl;cout << "\t\t----------------------------------------------------------" << endl;cout<<"\t\t";cout << left << setw(8) <<  "编号";Subject::showHeader();cout << "\t\t----------------------------------------------------------" << endl;for(int j = 0; j < stuList[i].cps.size(); j++){cout<<"\t\t";cout << left << setw(8) << j + 1;stuList[i].cps[j].showCpInfo();}cout << "\t\t----------------------------------------------------------" << endl;Student s = stuList[i];cout << "\t\t请选择修改方式："<<endl;string option = "1";cout << "\t\t-------------------------------" << endl;cout << "\t\t1 基于该学生原有成绩信息进行修改" << endl;cout << "\t\t2 清空该学生所有科目及成绩信息" << endl;cout << "\t\t-------------------------------" << endl;cout << "\t\t请进行选择【1-2】：";cin >> option;while(option != "1" && option != "2"){cout << "\t\t输入不合法,请重新选择【1-2】：";cin >> option;}Subject cp;if(option == "1"){s.cps.clear();s.score = 0;s.cpNum = 0;cout<<"\t\t输入修改后的学科成绩信息："<<endl;int cnt = 0;while(option == "1"){cnt++;cout<<"\t\t第"<<cnt<<"科科目名称：";cin>>cp.proName;cout<<"\t\t第"<<cnt<<"科科目成绩：";cin>>cp.proScore;s.cps.push_back(cp);cout << "\n\t\t添加成功！是否继续添加？（1 是 0 否）" << endl;cout << "\t\t请进行选择【0-1】：";cin >> option;while(option != "0" && option != "1"){cout << "\t\t输入不合法,请重新选择【0-1】：";cin >> option;}}}else if(option == "2"){s.cps.clear();s.score = 0;s.cpNum = 0;}//计算平均分for(int i = 0; i < s.cps.size(); i++){s.score += s.cps[i].proScore;}if(s.cps.size() > 0) s.cpNum = s.cps.size();cout << "\t\t是否确认修改？（1 是 0 否）" << endl;cout << "\t\t请进行选择【0-1】：";string ch = "0";cin >> ch;while(ch != "0" && ch != "1"){cout << "\t\t输入不合法,请重新选择【0-1】：";cin >> ch;}if (ch == "0") break;else{stuList[i] = s;cout << "\t\t修改成功！" << endl;writeFile();break;}}}if (!flag) cout << "\t\t查无此人，无法修改！\n" << endl;}else{break;}cout << "\t\t";system("pause");}}

效果如下

 

显示信息列表

void selectList(){while (true){system("cls");cout << "\t\t***********************欢迎来到查询学生信息功能************************" << endl;cout << "\t\t-----------------" << endl;cout << "\t\t1 按学号查询" << endl;cout << "\t\t2 按姓名查询" << endl;cout << "\t\t3 返回主菜单" << endl;cout << "\t\t-----------------" << endl;cout << "\t\t请进行选择【1-3】：";string sel = "0";cin >> sel;while(sel != "1" && sel != "2" && sel != "3"){cout << "\t\t输入不合法,请重新选择【1-3】：";cin >> sel;}if (sel == "1"){string keyNum;bool flag = false;cout << "\t\t请输入待查询学生的学号：";cin >> keyNum;cout << "\t\t查询结果如下：" << endl;cout<<"\t\t基本信息："<<endl;cout << "\t\t-----------------------------------------------------------------------" << endl;cout<<"\t\t";Student::showHeader();cout << "\t\t-----------------------------------------------------------------------" << endl;for (int i = 0; i < stuList.size(); i++){if (stuList[i].stuNum == keyNum){flag = true;cout<<"\t\t";stuList[i].showStuInfo();cout << "\t\t-----------------------------------------------------------------------" << endl;cout<<endl;cout<<"\t\t"<<stuList[i].stuName<<"成绩信息："<<endl;cout << "\t\t----------------------------------------------------------" << endl;cout<<"\t\t";cout << left << setw(8) <<  "编号";Subject::showHeader();cout << "\t\t----------------------------------------------------------" << endl;for(int j = 0; j < stuList[i].cps.size(); j++){cout<<"\t\t";cout << left << setw(8) << j + 1;stuList[i].cps[j].showCpInfo();}cout << "\t\t----------------------------------------------------------" << endl;break;}}if (!flag) cout << "\t\t查无此人！\n" << endl;cout << "\t\t";system("pause");}else if (sel == "2"){string keyName;bool flag = false;cout << "\t\t请输入待查询联系人的姓名：";cin >> keyName;cout << "\t\t查询结果如下：" << endl;cout << "\t\t-----------------------------------------------------------------------" << endl;cout<<"\t\t";Student::showHeader();cout << "\t\t-----------------------------------------------------------------------" << endl;for (int i = 0; i < stuList.size(); i++){if (stuList[i].stuName == keyName){flag = true;cout<<"\t\t";stuList[i].showStuInfo();cout << "\t\t-----------------------------------------------------------------------" << endl;cout<<endl;cout<<"\t\t"<<stuList[i].stuName<<"成绩信息："<<endl;cout << "\t\t----------------------------------------------------------" << endl;cout<<"\t\t";cout << left << setw(8) <<  "编号";Subject::showHeader();cout << "\t\t----------------------------------------------------------" << endl;for(int j = 0; j < stuList[i].cps.size(); j++){cout<<"\t\t";cout << left << setw(8) << j + 1;stuList[i].cps[j].showCpInfo();}cout << "\t\t----------------------------------------------------------" << endl;break;}}if (!flag) cout << "\t\t查无此人！\n" << endl;cout << "\t\t";system("pause");}else {break; }}}//遍历学生列表void displayStu(){cout << "\t\t-----------------------------------------------------------------------" << endl;cout<<"\t\t";Student::showHeader();cout << "\t\t-----------------------------------------------------------------------" << endl;for (int i = 0; i < stuList.size(); i++){cout << "\t\t";stuList[i].showStuInfo();}cout << "\t\t-----------------------------------------------------------------------" << endl;}//查询获奖信息void displayCp(){cout << "\t\t-----------------------------------------------------------------------" << endl;cout<<"\t\t";cout << left << setw(12) << "学号";cout << left << setw(10) <<  "姓名";Subject::showHeader();cout << "\t\t-----------------------------------------------------------------------" << endl;for (int i = 0; i < stuList.size(); i++){for(int j = 0; j < stuList[i].cps.size(); j++){cout << "\t\t";cout << left << setw(12) << stuList[i].stuNum;cout << left << setw(10) <<  stuList[i].stuName;stuList[i].cps[j].showCpInfo();}}cout << "\t\t-----------------------------------------------------------------------" << endl;}

显示学生列表

void displayList(){system("cls");cout << "\t\t***********************欢迎来到显示信息列表功能************************" << endl;cout << "\t\t表1：学生基本信息一览表"<<endl;this->displayStu();cout << "\n\t\t表2：学生成绩信息一览表"<<endl;this->displayCp();cout << "\t\t";system("pause");}

 效果如下

将学生列表按学号升序排列

static bool cmpNum(const Student& s1,const Student& s2){return s1.stuNum < s2.stuNum;}

将学生列表按平均分降序排列，平均分相同的再按学号升序排列

static bool cmpscore(const Student& s1,const Student& s2){if(s1.stuNum != s2.stuNum) return s1.score > s2.score;else return s1.stuNum < s2.stuNum;}

统计学生数据

void statisticList(){while(true){system("cls");cout << "\t\t***********************欢迎来到统计学生数据功能************************" << endl;string sel = "0";cout << "\t\t-----------------" << endl;cout << "\t\t1 按学号排序" << endl;cout << "\t\t2 按平均分排序" << endl;cout << "\t\t3 返回主菜单" << endl;cout << "\t\t-----------------" << endl;cout << "\t\t请进行选择【1-3】：";cin >> sel;while(sel != "1" && sel != "2" && sel != "3"){cout << "\t\t输入不合法,请重新选择【1-3】：";cin >> sel;}if(sel == "1"){sort(stuList.begin(), stuList.end(), cmpNum);cout<<"\t\t按学号升序排列如下："<<endl;this->displayStu();int numMale = 0, numFemale = 0;for(int i = 0; i < stuList.size(); ++i){if(stuList[i].gender == "男") numMale++;else if(stuList[i].gender == "女") numFemale++;}cout<<"\t\t一共 " << stuList.size() << " 人，其中男生 " << numMale << " 人，女生 " << numFemale << " 人。"<<endl;cout << "\t\t";system("pause");}else if(sel == "2"){sort(stuList.begin(), stuList.end(), cmpscore);cout<<"\t\t按平均分降序排列如下："<<endl;this->displayStu();vector<int> z(10);double totalscore = 0;for(int i = 0; i < stuList.size(); ++i){totalscore += stuList[i].score;if(0 <= stuList[i].score && stuList[i].score < 60) z[0]++;else if(60 <= stuList[i].score && stuList[i].score < 70) z[1]++;else if(70 <= stuList[i].score && stuList[i].score < 80) z[2]++;else if(80 <= stuList[i].score && stuList[i].score < 90) z[3]++;else z[4]++;}cout<<"\t\tscore < 60 -------------- " << z[0] << " 人" << endl;cout<<"\t\t60 <= score < 70 --------- " << z[1] << " 人" << endl;cout<<"\t\t70 <= score < 80 --------- " << z[2] << " 人" << endl;cout<<"\t\t80 <= score < 90 --------- " << z[3] << " 人" << endl;cout<<"\t\tscore >= 90 ------------- " << z[4] << " 人" << endl;cout<<"\t\t所有学生平均分为："<<totalscore / stuList.size()<<endl;cout<<"\t\t"<<stuList.back().gradeNum<<"级"<<stuList.back().department<<stuList.back().classNum<<"班---";cout<<stuList.back().stuName<<"平均分最低，为："<<stuList.back().score<<"分"<<endl;cout<<"\t\t"<<stuList.front().gradeNum<<"级"<<stuList.front().department<<stuList.front().classNum<<"班---";cout<<stuList.front().stuName<<"平均分最高，为："<<stuList.front().score<<"分"<<endl;cout << "\t\t";system("pause");}else{break;}}}

效果如下

清空系统数据

void clearList(){while (true){string sel = "0";system("cls");cout << "\t\t**************欢迎来到清空系统数据功能***************" << endl;cout << "\t\t------------------" << endl;cout << "\t\t1 确认清空系统数据" << endl;cout << "\t\t2 返回主菜单" << endl;cout << "\t\t------------------" << endl;cout << "\t\t请慎重选择【1-2】：";cin >> sel;while(sel != "1" && sel != "2"){cout << "\t\t输入不合法,请重新输入【1-2】：";cin >> sel;}if (sel == "1"){stuList.clear();cout << "\t\t清空成功！" << endl;cout << "\t\t";system("pause");writeFile();}else {break;}}}};

效果如下

5.总结

实现亮点：

界面简洁、每次操作完一个功能可进行一次清屏操作，仅保留功能提示文字；

排序功能实现了多种排序方式：单科排序以及总成绩排序

统计功能实现了平均分、及格人数、标准差等数据的统计

输出新文件时可以新建文件名，保存路径，输出文件同时统计数据：包括总分平均分、及格人数、标准差等；

读入文件允许输入文件路径进行读取；
不足之处：

代码实现中有些变量显得多余，部分变量命名与其功能不太匹配；

如需完整代码请给我一个一键三连，并评论：学生管理系统！我会根据大家情况发送完整代码

算了，还是发给大家吧，记得给个三连哈

#include <iostream>#include <fstream>#include <vector>#include <algorithm>#include <string>#include <iomanip>using namespace std;//学科科目类class Subject{public:string proName;  //学科名double proScore; //分数void showCpInfo(){cout << left << setw(45) << proName;cout << left << setw(6) <<  proScore << endl;}//输出属性名，只显示总积分static void showHeader(){cout << left << setw(45) << "科目";cout << left << setw(6) <<  "分数" <<endl;}};//学生类class Student{public:string stuNum;         //学号string stuName;        //姓名string gender;         //性别int gradeNum;          //年级string department;     //专业int classNum;          //班级vector<Subject> cps;  //学生的各个科目int cpNum;            //科目门数double score;         //平均分Student(){}Student(string stuNum, string stuName, string gender, int gradeNum, string department, int classNum,vector<Subject> cps, int cpNum, double score){this->stuNum = stuNum;this->stuName = stuName;this->gender = gender;this->gradeNum = gradeNum;this->department = department;this->classNum = classNum;this->cps = cps;this->cpNum = cpNum;this->score = score;}~Student(){}//输出属性值  score是平均分void showStuInfo(){cout << left << setw(12) << stuNum;cout << left << setw(10) <<  stuName;cout << left << setw(6) << gender;cout << left << setw(8) << gradeNum;cout << left << setw(23) << department;cout << left << setw(6) << classNum;cout << left << setw(6) << score << endl;}//输出属性名static void showHeader(){cout << left << setw(12) << "学号";cout << left << setw(10) <<  "姓名";cout << left << setw(6) << "性别";cout << left << setw(8) << "年级";cout << left << setw(23) << "专业";cout << left << setw(6) << "班级";cout << left << setw(6) << "平均分" << endl;}};//学生列表类class StudentList{private:vector<Student> stuList;public:StudentList(){}StudentList(vector<Student> stuList){this->stuList = stuList;}~StudentList(){}//初始化void init(){readFile(); //读取文件}//主菜单void menu(){string sel = "0";system("cls");cout << "\t\t\t**********欢迎来到学生成绩管理系统**********" << endl;cout << "\t\t\t你可以进行以下操作:" << endl;cout << "\t\t\t|------------------------------------------|" << endl;cout << "\t\t\t|             1   添加学生信息             |" << endl;cout << "\t\t\t|------------------------------------------|" << endl;cout << "\t\t\t|             2   删除学生信息             |" << endl;cout << "\t\t\t|------------------------------------------|" << endl;cout << "\t\t\t|             3   修改学生信息             |" << endl;cout << "\t\t\t|------------------------------------------|" << endl;cout << "\t\t\t|             4   查询学生信息             |" << endl;cout << "\t\t\t|------------------------------------------|" << endl;cout << "\t\t\t|             5   显示信息列表             |" << endl;cout << "\t\t\t|------------------------------------------|" << endl;cout << "\t\t\t|             6   统计学生数据             |" << endl;cout << "\t\t\t|------------------------------------------|" << endl;cout << "\t\t\t|             7   清空系统数据             |" << endl;cout << "\t\t\t|------------------------------------------|" << endl;cout << "\t\t\t|             0   退出                     |" << endl;cout << "\t\t\t|------------------------------------------|" << endl;cout << "\t\t\t请选择【0-7】：";cin >> sel;while(sel != "0" && sel != "1" && sel != "2" && sel != "3" && sel != "4" && sel != "5" && sel != "6" && sel != "7"){cout << "\t\t\t输入不合法,请重新选择【0-7】：";cin >> sel;}if(sel == "1"){this->insertList();this->menu();}else if(sel == "2"){this->deleteList();this->menu();}else if(sel == "3"){this->updateList();this->menu();}else if(sel == "4"){this->selectList();this->menu();}else if(sel == "5"){this->displayList();this->menu();}else if(sel == "6"){this->statisticList();this->menu();}else if(sel == "7"){this->clearList();this->menu();}else if(sel == "0"){exit(0);}}//读取文件void readFile(){ifstream ifs;ifs.open("stuList.txt", ios::in);int n = 0; //用来接收学生数量的值ifs >> n;for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){Student s;ifs >> s.stuNum >> s.stuName >> s.gender >> s.gradeNum >> s.department >> s.classNum >> s.cpNum >> s.score;for(int j = 0; j < s.cpNum; j++){Subject cp;ifs >> cp.proName >> cp.proScore;s.cps.push_back(cp);}stuList.push_back(s);}ifs.close();}//写入文件void writeFile(){ofstream ofs;ofs.open("stuList.txt", ios::out);ofs << stuList.size() << endl; //先写入学生数量for (int i = 0; i < stuList.size(); i++){ofs << stuList[i].stuNum << " " <<  stuList[i].stuName << " " << stuList[i].gender    << " " << stuList[i].gradeNum << " " << stuList[i].department << " " << stuList[i].classNum    << " " << stuList[i].cpNum << " " << stuList[i].score << endl;for(int j = 0; j < stuList[i].cps.size(); j++){ofs << stuList[i].cps[j].proName << " " << stuList[i].cps[j].proScore << endl;}}ofs.close();}//添加学生信息void insertList(){while(true){system("cls");cout << "\t\t**********************欢迎来到添加学生信息功能*************************" << endl;cout<< "\t\t学生基本信息一览表："<<endl;displayStu();cout<<endl;cout << "\t\t------------------" << endl;cout << "\t\t1 添加学生信息" << endl;cout << "\t\t2 返回主菜单" << endl;cout << "\t\t------------------" << endl;cout << "\t\t请选择【1-2】：";string sel;cin >> sel;while(sel != "1" && sel != "2"){cout << "\t\t输入不合法,请重新输入【1-2】：";cin >> sel;}if(sel == "1"){string flag = "1";while (flag == "1"){cout << "\t\t输入学生信息："<<endl;cout << "\t\t学号：";Student s;bool check = false;do{check = false;cin >> s.stuNum;for(int i = 0; i < stuList.size(); ++i){if(s.stuNum == stuList[i].stuNum){cout<<"\t\t该学号已存在，请重新输入：";check = true;break;}}}while(check);cout << "\t\t姓名：";cin >> s.stuName;cout << "\t\t性别：";cin >> s.gender;cout << "\t\t年级：";cin >> s.gradeNum;cout<<"\t\t专业：";cin >> s.department;cout<<"\t\t班级：";cin >> s.classNum;s.score = 0;string option = "1";cout<<"\t\t是否添加成绩信息？（1 是 0 否）"<<endl;cout << "\t\t请进行选择【0-1】：";cin >> option;while(option != "0" && option != "1"){cout << "\t\t输入不合法,请重新选择【0-1】：";cin >> option;}if(option == "1"){int cnt = 0;while(option == "1"){cnt++;Subject cp;cout<<"\t\t第"<<cnt<<"科科目名称：";cin>>cp.proName;cout<<"\t\t第"<<cnt<<"科科目成绩：";cin>>cp.proScore;s.cps.push_back(cp);cout << "\t\t该科成绩信息添加成功！是否继续添加？（1 是 0 否）" << endl;cout << "\t\t请进行选择【0-1】：";cin >> option;while(option != "0" && option != "1"){cout << "\t\t输入不合法,请重新选择【0-1】：";cin >> option;}}}for(int i = 0; i < s.cps.size(); i++){s.score += s.cps[i].proScore;}if(s.cps.size() > 0) s.score /= s.cps.size(); //计算平均分s.cpNum = s.cps.size();stuList.push_back(s);writeFile();cout << "\n\t\t该名学生信息添加成功！是否继续添加？（1 是 0 否）" << endl;cout << "\t\t请进行选择【0-1】：";cin >> flag;while(flag != "0" && flag != "1"){cout << "\t\t输入不合法,请重新选择【0-1】：";cin >> flag;}}cout << "\t\t";system("pause");}else{break;}}}//删除学生信息void deleteList(){while (true){system("cls");cout << "\t\t***********************欢迎来到删除学生信息功能***********************" << endl;string sel = "0";cout << "\t\t-----------------" << endl;cout << "\t\t1 按学号删除" << endl;cout << "\t\t2 按姓名删除" << endl;cout << "\t\t3 返回主菜单" << endl;cout << "\t\t-----------------" << endl;cout << "\t\t请进行选择【1-3】：";cin >> sel;while(sel != "1" && sel != "2" && sel != "3"){cout << "\t\t输入不合法,请重新选择【1-3】：";cin >> sel;}if (sel == "1"){string keyNum;bool flag = false;cout << "\t\t请输入待删除学生的学号：";cin >> keyNum;for (vector<Student>::iterator it = stuList.begin(); it != stuList.end(); ++it){if (it->stuNum == keyNum){flag = true;cout << "\t\t待删除学生的信息如下：" << endl;cout << "\t\t-----------------------------------------------------------------------" << endl;cout<<"\t\t";Student::showHeader();cout << "\t\t-----------------------------------------------------------------------" << endl;cout<<"\t\t";it->showStuInfo();cout << "\t\t-----------------------------------------------------------------------" << endl;cout << "\t\t确认删除？（1 是 0 否）" << endl;cout << "\t\t请进行选择【0-1】：";string ch = "0";cin >> ch;while(ch != "0" && ch != "1"){cout << "\t\t输入不合法,请重新选择【0-1】：";cin >> ch;}if (ch == "0") break;else{stuList.erase(it);writeFile();cout << "\t\t删除成功！" << endl;break;}}}if (!flag) cout << "\t\t查无此人，无法删除！\n" << endl;cout << "\t\t";system("pause");}else if (sel == "2"){string keyName;bool flag = false;cout << "\t\t请输入待删除学生的姓名：";cin >> keyName;for (vector<Student>::iterator it = stuList.begin(); it != stuList.end(); ++it){if (it->stuName == keyName){flag = true;cout << "\t\t待删除学生的信息如下：" << endl;cout << "\t\t-----------------------------------------------------------------------" << endl;cout<<"\t\t\t";Student::showHeader();cout << "\t\t-----------------------------------------------------------------------" << endl;cout<<"\t\t";it->showStuInfo();cout << "\t\t-----------------------------------------------------------------------" << endl;cout << "\t\t确认删除？（1 是 0 否）" << endl;cout << "\t\t请进行选择【0-1】：";string ch = "0";cin >> ch;while(ch != "0" && ch != "1"){cout << "\t\t输入不合法,请重新选择【0-1】：";cin >> ch;}if (ch == "0") break;else{stuList.erase(it);writeFile();cout << "\t\t删除成功！" << endl;break;}}}if (!flag) cout << "\t\t查无此人，无法删除！\n" << endl;cout << "\t\t";system("pause");}else{break;}}}//修改学生信息void updateList(){while(true){system("cls");cout << "\t\t***********************欢迎来到修改学生信息功能***********************" << endl;string sel = "0";cout << "\t\t-----------------" << endl;cout << "\t\t1 修改学生基本信息" << endl;cout << "\t\t2 修改学生成绩信息" << endl;cout << "\t\t3 返回主菜单" << endl;cout << "\t\t-----------------" << endl;cout << "\t\t请进行选择【1-3】：";cin >> sel;while(sel != "1" && sel != "2" && sel != "3"){cout << "\t\t输入不合法,请重新选择【1-3】：";cin >> sel;}if(sel == "1"){bool flag = false;string keyNum;cout << "\t\t请输入待修改学生的学号：";cin >> keyNum;for (int i = 0; i < stuList.size(); i++){if (stuList[i].stuNum == keyNum){flag = true;cout << "\t\t待修改学生基本信息如下：" << endl;cout << "\t\t-----------------------------------------------------------------------" << endl;cout<<"\t\t";Student::showHeader();cout << "\t\t-----------------------------------------------------------------------" << endl;cout<<"\t\t";stuList[i].showStuInfo();cout << "\t\t-----------------------------------------------------------------------" << endl;Student s = stuList[i];cout << "\t\t请输入修改后的学号：";bool check = false;do{check = false;cin >> s.stuNum;for(int j = 0; j < stuList.size(); ++j){if(s.stuNum == stuList[j].stuNum && i != j){cout<<"\t\t该学号已被录入，请重新输入学号：";check = true;break;}}}while(check);cout << "\t\t请输入修改后的姓名：";cin >> s.stuName;cout << "\t\t请输入修改后的性别：";cin >> s.gender;cout << "\t\t请输入修改后的年级：";cin >> s.gradeNum;cout<<"\t\t请输入修改后的专业：";cin >> s.department;cout<<"\t\t请输入修改后的班级：";cin >> s.classNum;cout << "\t\t是否确认修改？（1 是 0 否）" << endl;cout << "\t\t请进行选择【0-1】：";string ch = "0";cin >> ch;while(ch != "0" && ch != "1"){cout << "\t\t输入不合法,请重新选择【0-1】：";cin >> ch;}if (ch == "0") break;else{stuList[i] = s;cout << "\t\t修改成功！" << endl;writeFile();break;}}}if (!flag) cout << "\t\t查无此人，无法修改！\n" << endl;}else if(sel == "2"){bool flag = false;string keyNum;cout << "\t\t请输入待修改学生的学号：";cin >> keyNum;for (int i = 0; i < stuList.size(); i++){if (stuList[i].stuNum == keyNum){flag = true;cout << "\t\t待修改学生成绩信息如下：" << endl;cout << "\t\t----------------------------------------------------------" << endl;cout<<"\t\t";cout << left << setw(8) <<  "编号";Subject::showHeader();cout << "\t\t----------------------------------------------------------" << endl;for(int j = 0; j < stuList[i].cps.size(); j++){cout<<"\t\t";cout << left << setw(8) << j + 1;stuList[i].cps[j].showCpInfo();}cout << "\t\t----------------------------------------------------------" << endl;Student s = stuList[i];cout << "\t\t请选择修改方式："<<endl;string option = "1";cout << "\t\t-------------------------------" << endl;cout << "\t\t1 基于该学生原有成绩信息进行修改" << endl;cout << "\t\t2 清空该学生所有科目及成绩信息" << endl;cout << "\t\t-------------------------------" << endl;cout << "\t\t请进行选择【1-2】：";cin >> option;while(option != "1" && option != "2"){cout << "\t\t输入不合法,请重新选择【1-2】：";cin >> option;}Subject cp;if(option == "1"){s.cps.clear();s.score = 0;s.cpNum = 0;cout<<"\t\t输入修改后的学科成绩信息："<<endl;int cnt = 0;while(option == "1"){cnt++;cout<<"\t\t第"<<cnt<<"科科目名称：";cin>>cp.proName;cout<<"\t\t第"<<cnt<<"科科目成绩：";cin>>cp.proScore;s.cps.push_back(cp);cout << "\n\t\t添加成功！是否继续添加？（1 是 0 否）" << endl;cout << "\t\t请进行选择【0-1】：";cin >> option;while(option != "0" && option != "1"){cout << "\t\t输入不合法,请重新选择【0-1】：";cin >> option;}}}else if(option == "2"){s.cps.clear();s.score = 0;s.cpNum = 0;}//计算平均分for(int i = 0; i < s.cps.size(); i++){s.score += s.cps[i].proScore;}if(s.cps.size() > 0) s.cpNum = s.cps.size();cout << "\t\t是否确认修改？（1 是 0 否）" << endl;cout << "\t\t请进行选择【0-1】：";string ch = "0";cin >> ch;while(ch != "0" && ch != "1"){cout << "\t\t输入不合法,请重新选择【0-1】：";cin >> ch;}if (ch == "0") break;else{stuList[i] = s;cout << "\t\t修改成功！" << endl;writeFile();break;}}}if (!flag) cout << "\t\t查无此人，无法修改！\n" << endl;}else{break;}cout << "\t\t";system("pause");}}//查询学生信息void selectList(){while (true){system("cls");cout << "\t\t***********************欢迎来到查询学生信息功能************************" << endl;cout << "\t\t-----------------" << endl;cout << "\t\t1 按学号查询" << endl;cout << "\t\t2 按姓名查询" << endl;cout << "\t\t3 返回主菜单" << endl;cout << "\t\t-----------------" << endl;cout << "\t\t请进行选择【1-3】：";string sel = "0";cin >> sel;while(sel != "1" && sel != "2" && sel != "3"){cout << "\t\t输入不合法,请重新选择【1-3】：";cin >> sel;}if (sel == "1"){string keyNum;bool flag = false;cout << "\t\t请输入待查询学生的学号：";cin >> keyNum;cout << "\t\t查询结果如下：" << endl;cout<<"\t\t基本信息："<<endl;cout << "\t\t-----------------------------------------------------------------------" << endl;cout<<"\t\t";Student::showHeader();cout << "\t\t-----------------------------------------------------------------------" << endl;for (int i = 0; i < stuList.size(); i++){if (stuList[i].stuNum == keyNum){flag = true;cout<<"\t\t";stuList[i].showStuInfo();cout << "\t\t-----------------------------------------------------------------------" << endl;cout<<endl;cout<<"\t\t"<<stuList[i].stuName<<"成绩信息："<<endl;cout << "\t\t----------------------------------------------------------" << endl;cout<<"\t\t";cout << left << setw(8) <<  "编号";Subject::showHeader();cout << "\t\t----------------------------------------------------------" << endl;for(int j = 0; j < stuList[i].cps.size(); j++){cout<<"\t\t";cout << left << setw(8) << j + 1;stuList[i].cps[j].showCpInfo();}cout << "\t\t----------------------------------------------------------" << endl;break;}}if (!flag) cout << "\t\t查无此人！\n" << endl;cout << "\t\t";system("pause");}else if (sel == "2"){string keyName;bool flag = false;cout << "\t\t请输入待查询联系人的姓名：";cin >> keyName;cout << "\t\t查询结果如下：" << endl;cout << "\t\t-----------------------------------------------------------------------" << endl;cout<<"\t\t";Student::showHeader();cout << "\t\t-----------------------------------------------------------------------" << endl;for (int i = 0; i < stuList.size(); i++){if (stuList[i].stuName == keyName){flag = true;cout<<"\t\t";stuList[i].showStuInfo();cout << "\t\t-----------------------------------------------------------------------" << endl;cout<<endl;cout<<"\t\t"<<stuList[i].stuName<<"成绩信息："<<endl;cout << "\t\t----------------------------------------------------------" << endl;cout<<"\t\t";cout << left << setw(8) <<  "编号";Subject::showHeader();cout << "\t\t----------------------------------------------------------" << endl;for(int j = 0; j < stuList[i].cps.size(); j++){cout<<"\t\t";cout << left << setw(8) << j + 1;stuList[i].cps[j].showCpInfo();}cout << "\t\t----------------------------------------------------------" << endl;break;}}if (!flag) cout << "\t\t查无此人！\n" << endl;cout << "\t\t";system("pause");}else {break; }}}//遍历学生列表void displayStu(){cout << "\t\t-----------------------------------------------------------------------" << endl;cout<<"\t\t";Student::showHeader();cout << "\t\t-----------------------------------------------------------------------" << endl;for (int i = 0; i < stuList.size(); i++){cout << "\t\t";stuList[i].showStuInfo();}cout << "\t\t-----------------------------------------------------------------------" << endl;}//查询获奖信息void displayCp(){cout << "\t\t-----------------------------------------------------------------------" << endl;cout<<"\t\t";cout << left << setw(12) << "学号";cout << left << setw(10) <<  "姓名";Subject::showHeader();cout << "\t\t-----------------------------------------------------------------------" << endl;for (int i = 0; i < stuList.size(); i++){for(int j = 0; j < stuList[i].cps.size(); j++){cout << "\t\t";cout << left << setw(12) << stuList[i].stuNum;cout << left << setw(10) <<  stuList[i].stuName;stuList[i].cps[j].showCpInfo();}}cout << "\t\t-----------------------------------------------------------------------" << endl;}//显示信息列表void displayList(){system("cls");cout << "\t\t***********************欢迎来到显示信息列表功能************************" << endl;cout << "\t\t表1：学生基本信息一览表"<<endl;this->displayStu();cout << "\n\t\t表2：学生成绩信息一览表"<<endl;this->displayCp();cout << "\t\t";system("pause");}//将学生列表按学号升序排列static bool cmpNum(const Student& s1,const Student& s2){return s1.stuNum < s2.stuNum;}//将学生列表按平均分降序排列，平均分相同的再按学号升序排列static bool cmpscore(const Student& s1,const Student& s2){if(s1.stuNum != s2.stuNum) return s1.score > s2.score;else return s1.stuNum < s2.stuNum;}//统计学生数据void statisticList(){while(true){system("cls");cout << "\t\t***********************欢迎来到统计学生数据功能************************" << endl;string sel = "0";cout << "\t\t-----------------" << endl;cout << "\t\t1 按学号排序" << endl;cout << "\t\t2 按平均分排序" << endl;cout << "\t\t3 返回主菜单" << endl;cout << "\t\t-----------------" << endl;cout << "\t\t请进行选择【1-3】：";cin >> sel;while(sel != "1" && sel != "2" && sel != "3"){cout << "\t\t输入不合法,请重新选择【1-3】：";cin >> sel;}if(sel == "1"){sort(stuList.begin(), stuList.end(), cmpNum);cout<<"\t\t按学号升序排列如下："<<endl;this->displayStu();int numMale = 0, numFemale = 0;for(int i = 0; i < stuList.size(); ++i){if(stuList[i].gender == "男") numMale++;else if(stuList[i].gender == "女") numFemale++;}cout<<"\t\t一共 " << stuList.size() << " 人，其中男生 " << numMale << " 人，女生 " << numFemale << " 人。"<<endl;cout << "\t\t";system("pause");}else if(sel == "2"){sort(stuList.begin(), stuList.end(), cmpscore);cout<<"\t\t按平均分降序排列如下："<<endl;this->displayStu();vector<int> z(10);double totalscore = 0;for(int i = 0; i < stuList.size(); ++i){totalscore += stuList[i].score;if(0 <= stuList[i].score && stuList[i].score < 60) z[0]++;else if(60 <= stuList[i].score && stuList[i].score < 70) z[1]++;else if(70 <= stuList[i].score && stuList[i].score < 80) z[2]++;else if(80 <= stuList[i].score && stuList[i].score < 90) z[3]++;else z[4]++;}cout<<"\t\tscore < 60 -------------- " << z[0] << " 人" << endl;cout<<"\t\t60 <= score < 70 --------- " << z[1] << " 人" << endl;cout<<"\t\t70 <= score < 80 --------- " << z[2] << " 人" << endl;cout<<"\t\t80 <= score < 90 --------- " << z[3] << " 人" << endl;cout<<"\t\tscore >= 90 ------------- " << z[4] << " 人" << endl;cout<<"\t\t所有学生平均分为："<<totalscore / stuList.size()<<endl;cout<<"\t\t"<<stuList.back().gradeNum<<"级"<<stuList.back().department<<stuList.back().classNum<<"班---";cout<<stuList.back().stuName<<"平均分最低，为："<<stuList.back().score<<"分"<<endl;cout<<"\t\t"<<stuList.front().gradeNum<<"级"<<stuList.front().department<<stuList.front().classNum<<"班---";cout<<stuList.front().stuName<<"平均分最高，为："<<stuList.front().score<<"分"<<endl;cout << "\t\t";system("pause");}else{break;}}}//清空系统数据void clearList(){while (true){string sel = "0";system("cls");cout << "\t\t**************欢迎来到清空系统数据功能***************" << endl;cout << "\t\t------------------" << endl;cout << "\t\t1 确认清空系统数据" << endl;cout << "\t\t2 返回主菜单" << endl;cout << "\t\t------------------" << endl;cout << "\t\t请慎重选择【1-2】：";cin >> sel;while(sel != "1" && sel != "2"){cout << "\t\t输入不合法,请重新输入【1-2】：";cin >> sel;}if (sel == "1"){stuList.clear();cout << "\t\t清空成功！" << endl;cout << "\t\t";system("pause");writeFile();}else {break;}}}};int main(){StudentList stuList;stuList.init(); //读入文件数据初始化stuList.menu(); //打开主菜单return 0;}