一、设计任务
1.1设计题目的描述
（1）了解并掌握算法的设计方法，具备初步的独立分析和设计能力；
（2）初步掌握软件开发过程的问题分析、系统设计、程序编码、测试等基本方法和技能；
（3）提高综合运用所学的理论知识和方法独立分析和解决问题的能力；
（4）要求利用结构化编程思想来完成系统的设计；
（5）在系统的设计中，要有清晰的界面设计，同时采用文件进行读写操作。
二、设计要求
2.1、问题描述
建立一个图书馆管理系统,可以处理以下对象：⑴ 图书馆基本信息。⑵ 图书馆的书籍。⑶ 图书馆管理员 。⑷ 读者信息。
2.2、需求分析
查询图书馆的总信息。查询图书馆藏书信息。存入新书旧书处理。根据书名检索书刊信息。查询读者的借阅信息。查询读者信息读者借书读者还书文件保存从文件读取三、算法的基本思想
1.涉及到的数据结构
/*图书结构体：图书编号，图书名，图书作者，出版社，库存量*/
typedef struct Book
{
int iNum;
char acName[15];
char acAuthor[15];
char acPress[15];
int iAmount;
struct Book* next;
}Book;
/*读者：读者编号，读者姓名，性别，可借书数,读者已借书的编号*/
typedef struct Reader
{
int iNum;
char acName[15];
char acSex[4];
char position[20];
int iMax; //Student 20本 teacher 40本
int iAmount;
int aiBookId[100];
int balance;
int day;
struct Reader* next;
}Reader;
2.函数模块。
函数原形：int main();功能：调用ShowMainMenu()函数，显示主界面查询图书馆信息模块
函数原形：void ShowLibInfo(const Book* book, const Reader* reader);功能：接受两个形参，分别是图书的链表地址，读者的链表地址，并遍历两个链表，显示出图书的数量和读者的数量查找图书馆藏书信息模块
1) 函数原形: void ShowLibBook(Book* book);
2) 功能： 接受一个形参：图书的链表地址，遍历该链表，显示出所有图书的信息
存入新书信息模块
1)函数原形: Book* AddBook(Book* book);
2) 功能： 接受一个形参：图书的链表地址，利用尾插对链表进行修改，添加图书
旧书处理信息模块
1）函数原形: Book* DealoldBook(Book* book);
2) 功能： 接受一个形参:图书链表的地址，遍历该链表，用书的编号进行匹配，找到该图书后删除该图书，否则返回
查找图书信息模块
1）函数原形: void foundBook(Book* book);
2) 功能：接受一个形参:图书链表的地址，遍历该链表，用书的编号进行匹配，找到该图书后显示该图书，否则返回
查询读者借阅信息模块
1）函数原形: void foundReader_Info(Reader* reader);
2) 功能： 接受一个形参:读者链表的地址，遍历该链表，用读者的编号进行匹配，找到该读者显示该读者的信息，否则返回
查询读者借书模块
函数原形: void foundReaderInfo(Reader* reader);功能: 接受一个形参:读者链表的地址，遍历该链表，用读者的编号进行匹配，找到该读者显示该读者的借阅信息，否则返回读者借书模块
1)函数原形: Reader* LendBook(Reader* reader, Book* book);
2)功能:接受两个形参：读者链表地址和图书链表地址，用读者的编号进行匹配，找到该读者后，用图书的编号进行匹配，进行借书，否则返回
读者还书模块
函数原形：void returnBook(Reader* reader, Book* book);功能：接受两个形参：读者链表地址和图书链表地址，用读者的编号进行匹配，找到该读者后，用图书的编号进行匹配，进行还书，否则返回保存信息模块
1）函数原形: void save(Book* book);
2) 功能：接受一个形参：book的链表地址，新建一个文件，将链表中的信息保存到硬盘中
读取信息模块
函数原形: Book* read1();2) 功能：打开一个文件，将文件中的信息读取到内存中，并返回一个Book类型的指针3．主要功能模块流程图
四、源代码
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS#include <stdio.h>#include <conio.h> /*getch()函数使用的头文件*/#include <windows.h> /*Sleep()函数使用的头文件*/#include <string.h> /*strcmp()函数使用的头文件*/#include<assert.h>/*图书结构体：图书编号，图书名，图书作者，出版社，库存量*/typedef struct Book{int iNum;char acName[15];char acAuthor[15];char acPress[15];int iAmount;struct Book* next;}Book;/*读者：读者编号，读者姓名，性别，可借书数,读者已借书的编号*/typedef struct Reader{int iNum;char acName[15];char acSex[4];char position[20];int iMax; //Student 20本 teacher 40本int iAmount;int aiBookId[100];int balance;int day;struct Reader* next;}Reader;void ShowLibInfo(const Book* book, const Reader* reader);void ShowLibBook(Book* book);Book* AddBook(Book* book);Book* DealoldBook(Book* book);void foundBook(Book* book);void foundReader_Info(Reader* reader);void foundReaderInfo(Reader* reader);Reader* LendBook(Reader* reader, Book* book);void returnBook(Reader* reader, Book* book);void save(Book* book);Book* read1();void ShowMainMenu(){system("cls");printf("\n\n\n\n\n");printf("\t|----------------------欢迎进入---------------------------\n");printf("\t| 读者管理系统 \n");printf("\t| 1、查询图书馆的总信息 \n");printf("\t| 2、查询图书馆藏书信息 \n");printf("\t| 3、存入新书 \n");printf("\t| 4、旧书处理 \n");printf("\t| 5、根据书名检索书刊信息 \n");printf("\t| 6、查询读者的借阅信息 \n");printf("\t| 7、查询读者信息 \n");printf("\t| 8、读者借书 \n");printf("\t| 9、读者还书 \n");printf("\t| 10、文件保存 \n");printf("\t| 11、从文件读取 \n");printf("\t| 0、退出 \n");printf("\t|---------------------------------------------------------\n");printf("新打开程序需先添加管理员\n");printf("\n");printf("\t\t请选择（0-11）：");}int main(){Book* book = NULL;Reader* reader = NULL;int iItem;ShowMainMenu();/*调用ShowMainMenu函数绘制界面*/scanf("%d", &iItem);/*提示用户输入数字*/getchar();while (1){switch (iItem){case 0:return 0;break;case 1:ShowLibInfo(book, reader);break;case 2:ShowLibBook(book);break;case 3:book = AddBook(book);break;case 4:book = DealoldBook(book);break;case 5:foundBook(book);break;case 6:foundReader_Info(reader);break;case 7:foundReaderInfo(reader);break;case 8:reader = LendBook(reader, book);break;case 9:returnBook(reader, book);break;case 10:save(book);break;case 11:book = read1();break;default:printf("\t输入有误，请重新输入!\n");Sleep(2000);}ShowMainMenu();/*调用ShowMainMenu函数绘制界面*/scanf("%d", &iItem);/*提示用户输入数字*/getchar();}return 0;}void ShowLibInfo(const Book* book1, const Reader* reader1){Book* book = book1;Reader* reader = reader1;int bookNUm = 0, readerNUm = 0, mangerNUm = 0;while (book != NULL){bookNUm++;book = book->next;}while (reader != NULL){readerNUm++;reader = reader->next;}printf("本图书馆共有藏书%d本，读者%d人\n", bookNUm, readerNUm);printf("按任意键返回\n");getchar();return;}void ShowLibBook(Book* book1){Book* book = book1;while (book != NULL){ // \t :制表符printf("%d\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%d\n", book->iNum, book->acName, book->acAuthor, book->acPress, book->iAmount);book = book->next;}printf("\n按任意键返回\n");getchar();return;}Book* AddBook(Book* book1){Book* book = book1;if (book == NULL){Book* tmp = (Book*)malloc(sizeof(Book));tmp->next = NULL;assert(tmp);printf("输入书的编号:");scanf("%d", &tmp->iNum);getchar();printf("输入书的名称:");gets(&tmp->acName);printf("输入书的作者:");gets(tmp->acAuthor);printf("输入书的出版社:");gets(tmp->acPress);printf("输入书的库存量:");scanf("%d", &tmp->iAmount);book = tmp;printf("按任意键返回\n");getchar();return book;return;}while (1){while (book->next == NULL){int flag = 1;while (flag){Book* tmp = (Book*)malloc(sizeof(Book));tmp->next = NULL;assert(tmp);printf("输入书的编号:");scanf("%d", &tmp->iNum);getchar();printf("输入书的名称:");gets(&tmp->acName);printf("输入书的作者:");gets(tmp->acAuthor);printf("输入书的出版社:");gets(tmp->acPress);printf("输入书的库存量:");scanf("%d", &tmp->iAmount);book->next = tmp;printf("是否继续输入:1==>继续\t0==>结束\t");scanf("%d", &flag);getchar();if (flag == 0){printf("按任意键返回\n");getchar();return book1;}}}book = book->next;}printf("按任意键返回\n");getchar();return;}Book* DealoldBook(Book* book1){Book* book = book1;Book* prev = book1;printf("输入要处理旧书的编号:");int id;scanf("%d", &id);getchar();while (book != NULL){if (id == book->iNum){if (book1 == book){book = book->next;free(prev);return book;}prev->next = book->next;free(book); // free():释放资源printf("已将旧书处理掉!\n");printf("按任意键返回\n");getchar();return book1;}prev = book;book = book->next;}printf("没有找到该图书\n");printf("按任意键返回\n");getchar();return book1;}void foundBook(Book* book1){Book* book = book1;printf("输入要查找的书的id:");int id;scanf("%d", &id);getchar();while (book != NULL){if (id == book->iNum){printf("该书的信息如下:\n");printf("%d\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%d\n", book->iNum, book->acName, book->acAuthor, book->acPress, book->iAmount);printf("按任意键返回\n");getchar();return;}book = book->next;}printf("没有找到该书!\n");printf("按任意键返回\n");getchar();return;}void foundReader_Info(Reader* reader1){Reader* reader = reader1; //备份printf("输入读者的id:");int id;scanf("%d", &id);getchar();while (reader){if (id == reader->iNum){printf("借阅的书的编号如下:\n");for (int i = 0; i < reader->iMax; i++) //根据读者可以借阅的数量作为循环终止条件{if (reader->aiBookId[i] != 0) //数组里不为0，证明有一条记录，因为：数组初始化为0，并且书的编号不可能为0{printf("%d\n", reader->aiBookId[i]);}}printf("按任意键返回\n");getchar();return;}reader = reader->next;}printf("没有该读者!\n");printf("按任意键返回\n");getchar();return;}void foundReaderInfo(Reader* reader1){Reader* reader = reader1;printf("输入读者的id:");int id;scanf("%d", &id);getchar();while (reader){if (id == reader->iNum){printf("读者id:%d\n", reader->iNum);printf("读者姓名:%s\n", reader->acName);printf("读者性别:%s\n", reader->acSex);printf("读者职位:%s\n", reader->position);printf("读者已借阅书的数量:%d\n", reader->iAmount);printf("按任意键返回\n");getchar();return;}reader = reader->next;}printf("没有找到该读者\n");printf("按任意键返回\n");getchar();return;}Reader* LendBook(Reader* reader1, Book* book1){Reader* reader = reader1;Book* book = book1;Reader* prev = reader1;Reader* tmpp = reader1;printf("输入读者id:");int id;scanf("%d", &id);getchar();if (reader == NULL){Reader* tmp = (Reader*)malloc(sizeof(Reader));tmp->next = NULL;tmp->iAmount = 0;tmp->iNum = id;printf("输入读者名字:");scanf("%s", &tmp->acName);getchar();printf("输入读者性别:");scanf("%s", &tmp->acSex);getchar();printf("输入读者职位:<student\tor\tteacher>");scanf("%s", &tmp->position);getchar();if (strcmp(tmp->position, "student") == 0){tmp->iMax = 20;tmp->day = 30;}else {tmp->iMax = 40;tmp->day = 60;}for (int i = 0; i < tmp->iMax; i++){tmp->aiBookId[i] = 0;}printf("输入要借的书的编号:");int id_book;scanf("%d", &id_book);getchar();while (book != NULL){if (id_book == book->iNum){if (book->iAmount <= 1){printf("借阅失败，该图书库存不足.\n");printf("按任意键返回\n");getchar();return NULL;}if ((tmp->iAmount) + 1 > tmp->iMax){printf("借阅失败,该读者借阅图书数量已达上线.\n");printf("按任意键返回\n");getchar();return NULL;}book->iAmount--;tmp->aiBookId[tmp->iAmount] = id_book;tmp->iAmount;reader = tmp;printf("借阅成功!\n");printf("按任意键返回\n");getchar();return reader;}book = book->next;}printf("没有找到该书!\n");printf("按任意键返回\n");getchar();return reader1;}if (reader != NULL){while (reader != NULL){if (id == reader->iNum){printf("图使馆当前的书籍册:\n");ShowLibBook(book);printf("输入要借的书的编号:");int id_book;scanf("%d", &id_book);getchar();while (book != NULL){if (id_book == book->iNum){if (book->iAmount <= 1){printf("借阅失败，该图书库存不足.\n");printf("按任意键返回\n");getchar();return reader1;}if (tmpp->iAmount + 1 > tmpp->iMax){printf("借阅失败,该读者借阅图书数量已达上线.\n");printf("按任意键返回\n");getchar();return reader1;}reader->iAmount++;reader->aiBookId[tmpp->iAmount] = id_book;return reader1;}book = book->next;}printf("没有找到该书!\n");printf("按任意键返回\n");}reader = reader->next;}}}void returnBook(Reader* reader1, Book* book1){Reader* reader = reader1;Book* book = book1;printf("请输入读者的id:");int id;scanf("%d", &id);getchar();if (reader != NULL){while (reader != NULL){if (id == reader->iNum){printf("请输入要还的书的编号:");int id_book;scanf("%d", &id_book);getchar();for (int i = 0; i < reader->iMax; i++){if (reader->aiBookId[i] == id_book){reader->aiBookId[i] = 0;while (book){if (id_book == book->iNum){book->iAmount++;printf("还书成功!\n");printf("按任意键返回\n");getchar();return reader1;}book = book->next;}}}printf("没有找到该图书，检查图书的Id\n");printf("按任意键返回\n");getchar();return reader1;}reader = reader->next;}printf("没有找到该读者，检查读者id是否输入有误\n");printf("按任意键返回\n");getchar();return reader1;}}void save(Book* book1){FILE* fp;Book* pCur = book1;int iCount = 0;if (pCur == NULL){printf("\n没有学生记录!\n");return;}if ((fp = fopen("book.txt", "wb")) == NULL){printf("创建文件失败!\n");getchar();exit(1);}while (pCur){fwrite(pCur, sizeof(Book), 1, fp);pCur = pCur->next;iCount++;}printf("\n");printf("保存文件的数据数目为:%d\n", iCount);fclose(fp);}Book* read1(){FILE* fp;Book* pHead = NULL, * pTemp = NULL, * pCur = NULL;if ((fp = fopen("book.txt", "r")) == NULL){printf("\n文件打开失败!请检查文件名!\n");exit(0);}pTemp = (Book*)malloc(sizeof(Book));while (fread(pTemp, sizeof(Book), 1, fp)){if (!pHead){pHead = pCur = pTemp;}else{pCur->next = pTemp;pCur = pTemp;}pTemp = (Book*)malloc(sizeof(Book));}fclose(fp);return pHead;}